Saturday 21 November 2015

CENSUS 2011

The 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved collection of information about all buildings. Information for National Population Register was also collected in the first phase, which will be used to issue a 12-digit unique identification number to all registered Indians by Unique Identification Authority of India. The second population enumeration phase was conducted between 9 to 28 February 2011. Census has been conducted in India since 1872 and 2011 marks the first time biometric information was collected. According to the provisional reports released on 31 March 2011, the Indian population increased to 1.21 billion with a decadal growth of 17.64%. Adult literacy rate increased to 74.04% with a decadal growth of 9.21%. The motto of census 2011 was 'Our Census, Our future'.
Spread across 29 states and 7 union territories, the census covered 640 districts, 5,767 tehsils, 7,933 towns and more than 600,000 villages. A total of 2.7 million officials visited households in 7,933 towns and 600,000 villages, classifying the population according to gender, religion, education and occupation. The cost of the exercise was approximately ₹2200 crore (US$330 million) – this comes to less than $0.50 per person, well below the estimated world average of $4.60 per person. Conducted every 10 years, this census faced big challenges considering India's vast area and diversity of cultures and opposition from the manpower involved.
Information on castes was included in the census following demands from several ruling coalition leaders including Lalu Prasad Yadav, Sharad Yadav and Mulayam Singh Yadavsupported by opposition parties Bharatiya Janata Party, Akali Dal, Shiv Sena and Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Information on caste was last collected during the British Raj in 1931. During the early census, people often exaggerated their caste status to garner social status and it is expected that people downgrade it now in the expectation of gaining government benefits. Earlier, there was speculation of conduction caste-based census in 2011, first time after 80 years since 1931, to find the exact population of Other Backward Class (OBCs) in India,which was later accepted and Socio Economic Caste Census 2011 was conducted whose first findings were revealed on 3 July 2015 by Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley.Mandal Commission report of 1980 quoted OBC population at 52%, though National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) survey of 2006 quoted OBC population at 41%.
There is only one instance of a caste-count in post-independence India. It was conducted in Kerala in 1968 by the Communist government under E. M. S. Namboodiripad to assess the social and economic backwardness of various lower castes. The census was termed Socio-Economic Survey of 1968 and the results were published in the Gazetteer of Kerala, 1971.


C. Chandramauli is the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India of 2011 Indian census. Census data was collected in 16 languages and training manual was prepared in 18 languages. India and Bangladesh also conducted their first-ever joint census of areas along their border in 2011. The census was conducted in two phases. The first houselisting phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved collection of data about all the buildings and census houses. Information for National population register was also collected in the first phase. The second population enumeration phase was conducted from 9–28 February 2011 all over the country. The eradication of epidemics (2) availability of more effective medicines for the treatment of various types of diseases and the improvement in the standard of living these are the main reason for the high growth of population in India.

Here are some key points from the census report:

1. This is the first caste census done in Independent India.
 2. The last caste census in India happened in 1932.

3. Just 4.6% of all rural households in the country pay income tax.

4. The total households in the country - rural plus urban - stand at 24.39 crore.

5. Public sector-employed households made up 1.11% of the total.

6. Over 11% rural households possessed refrigerators.

7. 20.69% rural households had either an automobile or a fishing boat.

8. 94% of the rural households owned a house with 54% cent having 1-2 room dwellings.

9. Of all the rural salaried households, 5% earned salaries from the government while those employed in the private sector constituted 3.57% of the total households.

10. Landless ownership was 56% of the total rural population, with 70% of SCs and 50% of STs being landless owners.

Population

Population Total         1,210,193,422
         Males          623,724,248
         Females      586,469,174

Literacy     Total          74%
        Males        82.10%
        Females    65.50%

Density of population per km2 382

Sex ratio   per     1000 males  -  940 females

Child sex ratio (0–6 age group) per 1000 males-919 females

Five largest Populous State of the Country
1. Uttar Pradesh
19,95,81,477
2. Maharashtra
11,23,72,972
3. Bihar
10,38,04,637
4. West Bengal
9,13,47,736
5. Andhra Pradesh
8,46,65,533
Highest Populous State - Uttar Pradesh


Five least Populous State of the Country
1. Lakshadweep
64,429
2. Daman & Diu
2,42,911
3. D & N Haveli
3,42,853
4. A & N islands
3,79,944
5. Sikkim
6,07,688
Least Populous UT - Lakshadweep, Sikkim is the least populous state.


Density of Population (person per sq km)
Density of Population in India
382


Highest Density in State
Delhi (11297)


Lowest Density in State
Arunachal Pradesh (17)



Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males)
Sex ratio in India
940
Child (0-6 years) sex ratio
914
Highest sex ratio in state
Kerala (1084)
Lowest sex ratio in UTs
Daman & Diu (618)


Highest child (0-6) sex ratio in state
Mizoram (971)
Lowest child (0-6) sex ratio in state
Haryana (830)



Literacy Rate in India
Total Person Literacy Rate
74%


Males
82.14%
Females
65.46%


Highest Literacy Rate in state
Kerala - 93.11%,
Lowest Literacy Rate in state
Bihar -  63.82%.



The population of India as per 2011 census was 1,210,854,977. India added 181.5 million to its population since 2001, slightly lower than the population of Brazil. India with 2.4% of the world's surface area accounts for 17.5% of its population. Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state with roughly 200 million people. A little over 5 out of 10 Indians live in the six states of Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
India is the homeland of major belief systems such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism, while also being home to several indigenous faiths and tribal religions which have survived the influence of major religions for centuries.
Ever since its inception, the Census of India has been collecting and publishing information about the religious affiliations as expressed by the people of India. In fact, population census has the rare distinction of being the only instrument that collects this diverse and important characteristic of the Indian population.

Rank State / Type Population %[30] Males Females Sex Ratio Literacy Rural[32] Urban[32] Area[33] Density
Union Territory [31] Population Population (km²) (/km²)
1 Uttar Pradesh State 199,812,341 16.5 104,480,510 95,331,831 930 67.68 131,658,339 34,539,582 240,928 828
2 Maharashtra State 112,374,333 9.28 58,243,056 54,131,277 929 82.34 55,777,647 41,100,980 307,713 365
3 Bihar State 104,099,452 8.6 54,278,157 49,821,295 918 61.8 74,316,709 8,681,800 94,163 1,102
4 West Bengal State 91,276,115 7.54 46,809,027 44,467,088 950 76.26 57,748,946 22,427,251 88,752 1,030
5 Andhra Pradesh State 84,580,777 6.99 42,442,146 42,138,631 993 67.02 55,401,067 20,808,940 275,045 308
6 Madhya Pradesh State 72,626,809 6 37,612,306 35,014,503 931 69.32 44,380,878 15,967,145 308,245 236
7 Tamil Nadu State 72,147,030 5.96 36,137,975 36,009,055 996 80.09 34,921,681 27,483,998 130,058 555
8 Rajasthan State 68,548,437 5.66 35,550,997 32,997,440 928 66.11 43,292,813 13,214,375 342,239 201
9 Karnataka State 61,095,297 5.05 30,966,657 30,128,640 973 75.36 34,889,033 17,961,529 191,791 319
10 Gujarat State 60,439,692 4.99 31,491,260 28,948,432 919 78.03 31,740,767 18,930,250 196,024 308
11 Orissa State 41,974,218 3.47 21,212,136 20,762,082 979 72.87 31,287,422 5,517,238 155,707 269
12 Kerala State 33,406,061 2.76 16,027,412 17,378,649 1084 94 23,574,449 8,266,925 38,863 859
13 Jharkhand State 32,988,134 2.72 16,930,315 16,057,819 948 66.41 20,952,088 5,993,741 79,714 414
14 Assam State 31,205,576 2.58 15,939,443 15,266,133 958 72.19 23,216,288 3,439,240 78,438 397
15 Punjab State 27,743,338 2.29 14,639,465 13,103,873 895 75.84 16,096,488 8,262,511 50,362 550
16 Chhattisgarh State 25,545,198 2.11 12,832,895 12,712,303 991 70.28 16,648,056 4,185,747 135,191 189
17 Haryana State 25,351,462 2.09 13,494,734 11,856,728 879 75.55 15,029,260 6,115,304 44,212 573
18 Delhi UT 16,787,941 1.39 8,987,326 7,800,615 868 86.21 944,727 12,905,780 1,484 11,297
19 Jammu and Kashmir State 12,541,302 1.04 6,640,662 5,900,640 889 67.16 7,627,062 2,516,638 222,236 56
20 Uttarakhand State 10,086,292 0.83 5,137,773 4,948,519 963 79.63 6,310,275 2,179,074 53,483 189
21 Himachal Pradesh State 6,864,602 0.57 3,481,873 3,382,729 972 82.8 5,482,319 595,581 55,673 123
22 Tripura State 3,673,917 0.3 1,874,376 1,799,541 960 87.22 2,653,453 545,750 10,486 350
23 Meghalaya State 2,966,889 0.25 1,491,832 1,475,057 989 74.43 1,864,711 454,111 22,429 132
24 Manipur State 2,570,390 0.21 1,290,171 1,280,219 992 79.21 1,590,820 575,968 22,327 122
25 Nagaland State 1,978,502 0.16 1,024,649 953,853 931 79.55 1,647,249 342,787 16,579 119
26 Goa State 1,458,545 0.12 739,140 719,405 973 88.7 677,091 670,577 3,702 394
27 Arunachal Pradesh State 1,383,727 0.11 713,912 669,815 938 65.38 870,087 227,881 83,743 17
28 Pondicherry UT 1,247,953 0.1 612,511 635,442 1037 85.85 325,726 648,619 479 2,598
29 Mizoram State 1,097,206 0.09 555,339 541,867 976 91.33 447,567 441,006 21,081 52
30 Chandigarh UT 1,055,450 0.09 580,663 474,787 818 86.05 92,120 808,515 114 9,252
31 Sikkim State 610,577 0.05 323,070 287,507 890 81.42 480,981 59,870 7,096 86
32 Andaman and Nicobar Islands UT 380,581 0.03 202,871 177,710 876 86.63 239,954 116,198 8,249 46
33 Dadra and Nagar Haveli UT 343,709 0.03 193,760 149,949 774 76.24 170,027 50,463 491 698
34 Daman and Diu UT 243,247 0.02 150,301 92,946 618 87.1 100,856 57,348 112 2,169
35 Lakshadweep UT 64,473 0.01 33,123 31,350 946 91.85 33,683 26,967 32 2,013
TOTAL India 28 + 7 1,210,854,977 100 623,724,248 586,469,174 943 73 833,087,662 377,105,760 3,287,240 382
Religious demographics
The religious data on India Census 2011 was released by Government of India on 25 August 2015.Hindus are 79.8% (96.63 crore) while Muslims are 14.23% (17.22 crore) in India.First time, a "No religion" category was added in the census in 2011.28.7 lakhs were classified as people belonging to "no religion" in India in 2011 census- 0.24% of India's population of 121 crore. Below is the decade-by-decade religious composition of India till 2011 census. There are six religions in India which have been awarded "National minority" status- Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Parsis.
Population trends for major religious groups in India (1951–2011)
Religious
group
Population
% 1951
Population
% 1961
Population
% 1971
Population
% 1981
Population
% 1991
Population
% 2001
Population
% 2011
[52]
Hinduism
84.1%
83.45%
82.73%
82.30%
81.53%
80.46%
79.80%
Islam
9.8%
10.69%
11.21%
11.75%
12.61%
13.43%
14.23%
Christianity
2.3%
2.44%
2.60%
2.44%
2.32%
2.34%
2.30%
Sikhism
1.79%
1.79%
1.89%
1.92%
1.94%
1.87%
1.72%
Buddhism
0.74%
0.74%
0.70%
0.70%
0.77%
0.77%
0.70%
Jainism
0.46%
0.46%
0.48%
0.47%
0.40%
0.41%
0.37%
Zoroastrianism
0.13%
0.09%
0.09%
0.09%
0.08%
0.06%
n/a
Other religions / No religion
0.43%
0.43%
0.41%
0.42%
0.44%
0.72%
0.9%
Literacy
Any one above age 7 who can read and write in any language with an ability to understand was considered a literate. In censuses before 1991, children below the age 5 were treated as illiterates. The literacy rate taking the entire population into account is termed as "crude literacy rate", and taking the population from age 7 and above into account is termed as "effective literacy rate". Effective literacy rate increased to a total of 74.04% with 82.14% of the males and 65.46% of the females being literate.
S.No.
Census Year
Total (%)
Male (%)
Female (%)
1
1901
5.35
9.83
0.60
2
1911
5.92
10.56
1.05
3
1921
7.16
12.21
1.81
4
1931
9.50
15.59
2.93
5
1941
16.10
24.90
7.30
6
1951
16.67
24.95
9.45
7
1961
24.02
34.44
12.95
8
1971
29.45
39.45
18.69
9
1981
36.23
46.89
24.82
10
1991
42.84
52.74
32.17
11
2001
64.83
75.26
53.67
12
2011
74.04
82.14
65.46


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