Monday 9 January 2017

World Bank

The World Bank (WB) is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs. It has its Headquarters at Washington D.C United States.It comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the International Development Association (IDA). The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group, which is part of the United Nations system.
The World Bank's stated official goal is the reduction of poverty. However, according to its Articles of Agreement, all its decisions must be guided by a commitment to the promotion of foreign investment and international trade and to the facilitation of capital investment.

The World Bank is different from the World Bank Group, an extended family of five international organizations:
  • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
  • International Development Association (IDA)
  • International Finance Corporation (IFC)
  • Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
  • International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
Members:
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) has 189 member countries, while the International Development Association (IDA) has 173 members. Each member state of IBRD should be also a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and only members of IBRD are allowed to join other institutions within the Bank (such as IDA).



Voting power
  • In 2010 voting powers at the World Bank were revised to increase the voice of developing countries, notably China.
  •  The countries with most voting power are now the United States (15.85%), Japan (6.84%), China (4.42%), Germany (4.00%), the United Kingdom (3.75%), France (3.75%), India (2.91%),Russia (2.77%), Saudi Arabia (2.77%) and Italy (2.64%). Under the changes, known as 'Voice Reform – Phase 2', countries other than China that saw significant gains included South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Singapore, Greece, Brazil, India, and Spain. Most developed countries' voting power was reduced, along with a few developing countries such as Nigeria. The voting powers of the United States, Russia and Saudi Arabia were unchanged.
Leadership:
The President of the Bank is the president of the entire World Bank Group. The president, currently Jim Yong Kim, is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Boards of Directors and for overall management of the Bank. Traditionally, the President of the Bank has always been a US citizen nominated by the United States, the largest shareholder in the bank (the managing director of the International Monetary Fund having always been a European).

 Millennium Development Goals-2015 
  1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger: From 1990 through 2004 the proportion of people living in extreme poverty fell from almost a third to less than a fifth. Although results vary widely within regions and countries, the trend indicates that the world as a whole can meet the goal of halving the percentage of people living in poverty. Africa's poverty, however, is expected to rise, and most of the 36 countries where 90% of the world's undernourished children live are in Africa. Less than a quarter of countries are on track for achieving the goal of halving under-nutrition.
  2. Achieve Universal Primary Education: The percentage of children in school in developing countries increased from 80% in 1991 to 88% in 2005. Still, about 72 million children of primary school age, 57% of them girls, were not being educated as of 2005.
  3. Promote Gender Equality: The tide is turning slowly for women in the labor market, yet far more women than men- worldwide more than 60% – are contributing but unpaid family workers. The World Bank Group Gender Action Plan was created to advance women's economic empowerment and promote shared growth.
  4. Reduce Child Mortality: There is some improvement in survival rates globally; accelerated improvements are needed most urgently in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. An estimated 10 million-plus children under five died in 2005; most of their deaths were from preventable causes.
  5. Improve Maternal Health: Almost all of the half million women who die during pregnancy or childbirth every year live in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. There are numerous causes of maternal death that require a variety of health care interventions to be made widely accessible.
  6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases: Annual numbers of new HIV infections and AIDS deaths have fallen, but the number of people living with HIV continues to grow. In the eight worst-hit southern African countries, prevalence is above 15 percent. Treatment has increased globally, but still meets only 30 percent of needs (with wide variations across countries). AIDS remains the leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa (1.6 million deaths in 2007). There are 300 to 500 million cases of malaria each year, leading to more than 1 million deaths. Nearly all the cases and more than 95 percent of the deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability: Deforestation remains a critical problem, particularly in regions of biological diversity, which continues to decline. Greenhouse gas emissions are increasing faster than energy technology advancement.
  8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development: Donor countries have renewed their commitment. Donors have to fulfill their pledges to match the current rate of core program development. Emphasis is being placed on the Bank Group's collaboration with multilateral and local partners to quicken progress toward the MDGs' realization.

To make sure that World Bank-financed operations do not compromise these goals but instead add to their realization, environmental, social and legal safeguards were defined. However, these safeguards have not been implemented entirely yet. At the World Bank's annual meeting in Tokyo 2012 a review of these safeguards has been initiated, which was welcomed by several civil society organizations.

Thursday 5 January 2017

SCREENING TEST-CURRENT AFFAIRS-SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2016


SCREENING TEST-CURRENT AFFAIRS-JUNE 2016


SCREENING TEST-CURRENT AFFAIRS-JULY 2016-AUGUST 2016


SCREENING TEST-CURRENT AFFAIRS-JANUARY2016 TO MAY 2016


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY SHORT NOTES


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART6


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART5


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART4


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART3


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART2


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART1


SCREENING TEST-POLITY NOTES


SCREENING TEST-POLITY SHORT NOTES


SCREENING TEST-POLITY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART8


SCREENING TEST-POLITY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART7


SCREENING TEST-POLITY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART6


SCREENING TEST-POLITY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART5


SCREENING TEST-POLITY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART4


SCREENING TEST-POLITY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART3


SCREENING TEST-POLITY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART2


SCREENING TEST-POLITY MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS-PART1


HOW TO PREPARE APPSC-GROUP2


BASICS OF MONETARY POLICY


UNION BUDGET OF INDIA-2015-16


ANDHRA PRADESH BUDGET-2016-17


ECONOMIC SURVEY OF INDIA-4


ECONOMIC SURVEY OF INDIA-3


ECONOMIC SURVEY OF INDIA-2


ECONOMIC SURVEY OF INDIA-1


ECONOMIC SURVEY OF ANDHRA PRADESH


EENADU ECONOMY NOTES-9


EENADU ECONOMY NOTES-8


EENADU ECONOMY NOTES-7


EENADU ECONOMY NOTES-6


EENADU ECONOMY NOTES-5


EENADU ECONOMY NOTES-5


EENADU ECONOMIC NOTES-4


EENADU ECONOMIC NOTES-3


EENADU ECONOMIC NOTES-2


EENADU ECONOMIC NOTES-1


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY


SCREENING TEST-ECONOMY


SCREENING TEST-POLITY


SCREENING TEST-POLITY


SCREENING TEST-POLITY


SCREENING TEST-POLITY


SCREENING TEST-POLITY


SCREENING TEST-POLITY


SCREENING TEST-POLITY


SCREENING TEST MATERIALS-POLITY


SCREENIG TEST-POLITY


SCREENING TEST MATERIALS-POLITY


SCREENING TEST MATERIALS-POLITY


SCREENING MATERIALS-POLITY


SCREENING TEST MATERIALS-POLITY


ART AND CULTURE OF SOUTH INDIAN KINGDOMS


RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHIES


BUDDHISM


RASHTRAKUTAS ADMINISTRATION AND THEIR ART AND CULTURE


THE MAURYAN EMPIRE AND THEIR ADMINISTRATION


SANGAM LITERATURE


INDIAN MUSIC


INDIAN PHILOSOPHY


HARSHA VARDHANA AND HIS ADMINISTRATION


Tuesday 3 January 2017

FOLK DANCES OF INDIA


PALLAVAS ART AND CULTURE AND ADMINISTRATION


LATER VEDIC PERIOD


SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE OF COLONIAL PERIOD


BHAKTI MOVEMENT IN INDIA


MUGHAL EMPIRE ADMINISTRATION AND ART & CULTURE


INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION AND VEDIC PERIOD


INDIAN PAINTINGS AND HOW THEY DEVELOPED OVER PERIOD


PUPPETRY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA


THE MAURYA KINDGOM AND ITS ADMINISTRATION


ART AND CULTURE OF SUNGA DYNASTY


GUPTA EMPIRE


KUSHAN EMPIRE AND THEIR ADMINISTRATION


HANDICRAFTS IN INDIA


SHORT NOTES AND IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT JAINISM


TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTHINDIA


HOW SUFISM STARTED IN INDIA


KUSHANS ART AND CULTURE


SATAVAHANAS ART AND CULTURE


INDO-ISLAMIC CULTURE


INDIAN CRAFTS


ANCIENT INDIAN PHILOSOPHY AND SCHOOLS


INDIA FESTIVALS AND KUMBMELAS


HOW WAS THE INDO-ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPED


CHOLA ART AND CULTURE


CAVE STUPA ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE


VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE CULTURE AND ARTS


1000 MODEL CHOICE QUESTIONS FOR PRELIMS


ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE BY IAS ACADEMY


SRIRAM BOOKLET FOR PRELIMS AND MAINS


WHAT ARE THE POWERS OF GOVERNOR AND HIS ELECTION AND IMPEACHMENT METHOD


WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF NON-CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES


WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES


EXPLAIN ABOUT THE BUDGET OF PARLIAMENT AND ITS PROVISIONS


WHAT ARE THE POWERS OF PARLIAMENT


WHAT ARE THE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT AND HIS ELECTION AND IMPEACHMENT


WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS


HOW WAS THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION UNDER COMPANY RULE


Monday 2 January 2017

SANGAM LITERATURE


PLEASE EXPLAIN ABOUT THE PRE-MAURYAN HISTORY AND ITS FEATURES


EXPLAIN ABOUT THE PENINSULAR RIVERS


HOW WAS THE MAURYAN PERIOD AND ITS ARCHITECTURE


IMPORTANT NOTES ON POLITY


INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AND ITS TRIBUTARIES


HOW IS THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN INDIA


HOW COAL AND PETROLEUM RESERVES FORM


GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER SYSTEM


ANCIENT HISTORY NOTES


ACIDS AND BASES