1. Punitive – relating to punishment
Root word: Latin punire = to punish
Mnemonic:
“PUNitive = PUNish.”
Picture idea:
Prison bars closing.
2. Austerity – strict, harsh, simple living
Root word: Greek austēros = harsh, severe
Mnemonic:
“AUSTERITY = no luxury, only basics.”
Picture idea:
An empty simple room.
3. Carceral – relating to prison
Root word: Latin carcer = prison
Mnemonic:
“CARCER → CARCERAL = jail system.”
Picture idea:
A prison corridor.
4. Plummeting – falling very fast
Root word: Latin plumbum = lead (heavy metal that sinks fast)
Mnemonic:
“PLUMMET = drop like lead.”
Picture idea:
A falling arrow graph.
5. Benign – kind, harmless
Root word: Latin benignus = kind
Mnemonic:
“BE + NICE = BENIGN.”
Picture idea:
A smiling kind doctor.
6. Pedantic – overly concerned with minor details
Root word: Greek paidagōgos = teacher of children
Mnemonic:
“PEDANT = person who overcorrects.”
Picture idea:
A teacher correcting tiny mistakes with red pen.
7. Rambunctious – noisy, wild, uncontrollable
Root word: From ramble + boisterous
Mnemonic:
“RAM = wild energy.”
Picture idea:
Hyperactive children running around.
8. Lambaste – to criticize or beat severely
Root word: Old Norse lemja = to beat
Mnemonic:
“LAMBaste = LASH hard with words.”
Picture idea:
A newspaper headline criticizing someone.
9. Bereft – deprived of, left without
Root word: Old English bereafian = to take away
Mnemonic:
“BEREFT = empty hands.”
Picture idea:
A lonely person sitting alone.
10. Bracing – refreshing, strengthening, shocking
Root word:
Old French brace = to tighten
Mnemonic:
“BRACE yourself = prepare.”
Picture idea:
A person standing in cold wind by the sea.
11. Sagging – drooping, sinking down
Root word: Old English sag = to sink slowly
Mnemonic:
“SAG = sink and droop.”
Picture idea:
A hammock hanging low.
12. Furore – outburst of public anger/excitement
Root word: Latin furor = rage, madness
Mnemonic:
“FURY → FURORE.”
Picture idea:
A protesting crowd shouting.
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